Which Senator Used His Influence To Draw Defense Jobs To Georgia During World War Ii?

Overview of the role of the U.S. country of California during World War 2

California during Globe State of war 2
Location	California, United States
Appointment	1941–1945
Casualties	17,022[i] [2]

California in United States

California during World War II was a major contributor to the World State of war Two effort. California's long Pacific Ocean coastline provided the support needed for the Pacific War. California also supported the war in Europe. After the Japanese assault on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December vii, 1941, nearly of California'due south manufacturing was shifted to the war endeavour. California became a major ship builder and shipping manufacturer. Existing armed forces installations were enlarged and many new ones were built. California trained many of the troops before their oversea deployment. Over 800,000 Californians served in the United States Armed Forces. California agronomics, ranches and farms were used to feed the troops around the globe. California's long coastline also put the state in fear, as an attack on California seemed likely. California was used for the temporary and permanent internment camps for Japanese Americans. The population of California grew significantly, largely due to servicemen who were stationed at the new military bases/training facilities and mass influx of workers from around the U.Southward. in the growing defence force industries. With all the new economy action, California was lifted out of the great low. Over 500,000 people moved to California from other states to work in the growing economic system. California expanded its oil and mineral production to keep up with the war demand.^{[iii] [4] [5] [6] [7] [viii] [nine]}

History [edit]

Economics and population growth [edit]

A full of 12% of all U.S. Government war contracts were awarded to California companies. A total of 17% of the war materials were made in California. Mining, natural gas, and oil production were active industries in California before Globe War II, and these quickly expanded to back up the state of war effort. Like World State of war I, the mines and mining towns came to life again, due to an increase in demand for golden, copper, and silverish. California oil production doubled, the synthetic rubber industry created in California and California agricultural production almost tripled. In 1941 California oil product was 230,263,000 barrels; by the end of the war in 1945 the output was 326,555,000 barrels.^[10] Raw textile was also shipped to California from Lend lease U.s.a. Allies. After the set on on Pearl Harbor and America entered the war, at that place was a quick build of new armed services bases, airfields, grooming camps, and other war machine installations. New military construction projects and the emerging war industries in California brought in tens of thousands of workers from beyond America. Afterward the war, many stayed in California, with some others returning to their home states. Towns and cities next to military and industrial facilities grew and had an increase in the economy. California's population in 1940 was vi,907,387 and by 1950 it had grown to 10,586,223, a 53.3% increment.^[11] California received one eighth of all war orders. With the manpower shortage many women entered the workforce in manufacturing and other jobs held by men in the past. As factories added more than shifts, a diverseness of stores and services increase operating hours. To retain workers, some businesses increased their employee benefits. Many military personnel who were trained in California returned after the war to tour the land, so California'southward tourist industries began to grow.

Food production [edit]

California's mild climate fabricated it platonic for year-round food product.^[12] With many men overseas, there was labor shortage at harvest time. The need for actress workers at harvest brought in housewives, students and Scouts. Some businesses even loaned workers to help with harvest and nutrient packing as needed. The Woman's Land Army of America was ane of the organizations helping in food production. Fifty-fifty with the increase in food product there was mandatory food rationing. Civilians were encouraged to establish Victory gardens to help with the food shortage. The slogan "abound your own, can your own", was started at offset of the war and referred to families growing and canning their own food in victory gardens. With its balmy climate most victory gardens were grown well-nigh yr-round.^{[13] [fourteen]} Tires and gasoline were also rationed.^{[xv] [xvi]} Rationing of wool cloth was also required during the state of war. This is one of the causes of the June 1943 Zoot Suit Riots in Los Angeles.^[17]

Enemy aliens [edit]

United states of america Regular army promotional pamphlet for Japanese-American

• After the assail on Pearl Harbor it was feared that some Japanese Americans might exist loyal to the Empire of Nippon and the Emperor of Japan. On February 19, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Club 9066, which authorized the Secretary of War to prepare some military machine zones for the internment of Japanese Americans. California had some of the US pw camps and Japanese Americans internment camps. State of war Relocation Dominance built both temporary and permanent relocation camps. As aliens they had to register in accordance with the law and were required to turn in all weapons and short-wave radios. Japanese Americans first were sent to one of California's eleven temporary relocation camps, like the two in southern California: Pomona associates center and the Santa Anita assembly eye. From these centers many were sent to other states and some were sent to California's Manzanar War Relocation Center, California or the Tule Lake War Relocation Center. Even with internment, a number of American-built-in Japanese (or Nisei) volunteered to join the US armed services. The Nisei units fought well and are highly decorated units. Nisei joined all the U.s.a. armed branches, most joined the U.Southward. Army.^{[eighteen] [nineteen] [20] [21] [22] [23]}
• Camp Haan was built at about March Air Reserve Base, the camp housed 1,200 Italian prisoners of war (Pw). German POWs were too housed at the camp. The camp was named afterward Major General William Thou. Haan. In all 21 POW camps were built in California. A number of Italian POWs, pledged to help the United States. Most 70% to 90% of the Italian POWs volunteered for Italian Service Units (ISU). Due to labor shortage the Italian Service Units helped on Army depots, arsenals, farms and hospitals, there they volunteered to work and received better housing, than the standard Pw camps. Camp Lamont was used for German POW volunteers to work on crops.^{[24] [25] [26] [27]} Campsite Cooke held German POWs, now the site of Vandenberg Air Force Base.^[28] The Stockton Ordnance Depot held 1,500 German language prisoners from May 1944 till June 1946.^[29]

Attacks on California [edit]

• On February 23, 1942, the Japanese bombed the Ellwood Oil Field. The Ellwood Oil Field and oil refinery are located in Goleta, California in the Santa Barbara Channel. Japanese submarine I-17 fired 16 shells at the Oil Field from its deck gun before running. This attack along with the Niihau Incident started the fear of the invasion of California. At that place was groovy fear that the battle group that attacked Hawaii would come to California next. This also started the idea of the internment of Japanese Americans.^[30] There were no casualties in the assault. The total cost of the impairment was approximately $one,000.^[31] News of the attack triggered an invasion scare along the West Coast of the United States.^{[32] [33]}
• Fu-Go balloon bombs were the other set on on California and fourteen other states. Japanese launched fire flop balloons beyond the Pacific Ocean. These high-altitude balloons carried bombs and incendiary explosives. In California 25 fire bomb balloons were plant, none caused injuries in California. The balloon bombs were launched in Nippon from November 3, 1944, to Apr 1945. On February 23, 1945, a P-38 Lightning aeroplane shot down a airship near Santa Rosa, California. On January 10, 1945, an Army P-38 shot down a Fu-Get balloon almost Alturas, California ^{[34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39]}
• Ships off the California coast were attacked: SSAgwiworld (escaped), SSEmidio (sank), SSSamoa (escaped),^[40] SSLarry Doheny (sank), SSDorothy Phillips (damaged), SS H.M. Storey (escaped, sank later), SS Camden (sank), SSAbsaroka (damaged), SSMontebello (sank), SS SSBarbara Olson (escaped), SS Connecticut (damaged), SSFort Camosun (Sank), and SS Idaho [tanker] (modest impairment). In the attacks 8 seaman were killed and others injured. Afterwards the assault on Pearl Harbor the Royal Japanese Navy sent five Submarines, I-17, I-19, I-23 I-25 and I-26, to attack ships off coastal California.^{[41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [l] [51] [52]}
• Due to fear California coastal cities turned off lights or blacked out windows at night. Some sandbagged their homes and businesses. Some radio stations went off the air and civil ships were ordered to stay in port. Commercial air travel was grounded.^{[53] [54] [55] [56]} A military defense system was installed up and down the coast, that included blimps, patrol ships, artillery batteries, and aircraft.^{[57] [58]}
• The great sense of fear acquired what is called the Battle of Los Angeles. On February 24 and 25, 1942 Los Angeles idea information technology was under attack and so 1,440 rounds of The states anti-aircraft armament was fired at what turned out to be a non-existent enemy. Reports of an unidentified aircraft started coma and shooting of reported incoming aircraft. There was crazed and inaccurate reporting of the consequence at the time. The merely damage in the city was self-inflicted from anti-aircraft fire coming down. The event exposed the defenselessness of the West Coast, as California was dedicated by only 16 mod warplanes at the time.
• After the war it was learned that there was a planned December 24, 1941 set on on San Diego Bay. Japanese submarine I-ten was to exist the leader of 7 other submarines that were to shell the U.s. Navy at San Diego Bay. The attack was called off with the subs but 20 miles off the California coast.^[59]

Ammunition [edit]

African American sailors of an ordnance battalion preparing 5-inch shells for packing at the Port Chicago Naval Magazine in 1943

California was a major ammunition manufacturer for the war. Off the California coast, ships worked around the clock to harvest kelp of the vast California kelp wood. The kelp's nitrate, actin and potash was used in the making of gunpowder.^[60] The largest World War II accident in California was the Port Chicago disaster. The Liberty ship SS E. A. Bryan exploded on July 17, 1944, while being loaded with ammunition. About 4,600 tons (four,173 tonnes) of explosives had been loaded in the transport's holds at the time. The explosion killed 320 sailors and civilians and injured 390 others. SSQuinault Victory, situated adjacent to SS E. A. Bryan, was destroyed and a United States Coast Guard fireboat sank. The trains at the port, the port's buildings and much of the surrounding town were severely damaged. Riverbank Regular army Ammunition Plant in Stanislaus County and Benicia Arsenal were two of the largest armament makers. In San Bernardino the Western Stove Company built incendiary bombs. 3 California Victory ships loaded with six,000 pounds (2,700 kg) of ammunition for troops in the Pacific sank after Kamikaze attacks. The three armament ships were the: SSCanada Victory, SSLogan Victory and SSHobbs Victory.^{[61] [62] [63] [64] [65]}

Hollywood [edit]

Hollywood's move-picture industry continued to make movies during the war. In improver to entertainment films, Hollywood fabricated training films and films to enhance morale.^{[66] [67] [68]} The 1942 film The Arm Behind the Army showed how of import home support of the war was.^{[69] [70] [71] [72]}

Bob Promise volunteered with the United Service Organizations (USO) and entertained troops during Globe War II and for decades later (1941 to 1991). Hope brought many Hollywood stars with him on his USO tours.^[73] Overlapping with this was his picture show career, spanning 1934 to 1972, and his USO tours, which he conducted from 1941 to 1991.^{[74] [75]}

Desi Arnaz was stationed at Birmingham General Ground forces Hospital in Van Nuys, California during the war to entertain the troops there. Arnaz had a bad articulatio genus so was transferred to the US Army Medical Corps. Arnaz also coordinated with the stars that visited the hospital. Arnaz was discharged on November 16, 1945.^[76]

War Bond sales [edit]

To help pay for the state of war the United states of america sold state of war bonds. With its booming economy during Globe War II, Californians was ane of the top of U.s. State of war Bonds sold. Much of the advertising for war bonds was donated. The spirit of cede was never stronger for the defense of democracy and a way of honoring the sacrifices of American troops. Named after the 1942 Hollywood Victory Caravan, Paramount-produced film promoted bond sales in a 1945, post War. The brusk film included Bing Crosby, Bob Hope, Alan Ladd, William Demarest, Franlin Pangborn, Barbara Stanwyck, Humphrey Bogart, and others. Other heroes similar boxing Joe Louis and Joe DiMaggio sold war bonds. Albert Einstein donated the original copies of his manuscript on the theory of relativity for auction to raise money for state of war bonds.^{[77] [78]}

California National Guard [edit]

California National Guard was mobilized and called to active duty in August 1940. The US Army recruited the first grouping to deploy to the war in Europe. The others troops called up were sent to the Pacific war. Between 1940 and 1941 about 12,000 California National Baby-sit troops were called up to service in federal duty. Some troops were used for the defense of California and Hawaii. California National Baby-sit was used for coast patrols, security guards for the Army Air Force bases, railroad bridges, rails tunnels and major dams. Major grooming bases are Camp Roberts and Campsite San Luis Obispo.^[79]

Civil defense [edit]

Due to the attack on Pearl Harbor and on California civil defense systems were started in California. Office of Noncombatant Defense was founded on May 20, 1941, and the Office of Civil Defense in May 1941. The Civil Air Patrol was started on December ane, 1941, in which noncombatant planes and spotters were used in air reconnaissance, search-and-rescue, and transport. Later the attacks on California the Coast Baby-sit Auxiliary, became very agile in the utilise of civilian boats and crews for reconnaissance and search-and-rescue. Towers were built along littoral California, staffed with spotters to look for enemy aircraft working with the Basis Observer Corps.^{[eighty] [81] [82] [83] [84] [85] [86]} In February 1942 the Federal authorities started State of war Time, ending in September 1945. With War Time California time was renamed to Pacific State of war Time with special Daylight Savings times. The Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) started on Baronial five, 1943, used 1,074 noncombatant women pilots to fly new warplanes from the factories to Ground forces airfields for preparation and deployment points. WASP pilots also towed targets for live anti-aircraft artillery practice, towed gliders for practice landings, fake strafing missions, and transported cargo. WASP California headquarters was at Santa Ana Army Air Base of operations, Merced Ground forces Airfield, Minter Field, and Victorville Army Airfield^[87] Cal Aero Academy was a private flight academy hired by the Ground forces Air Forces for airplane pilot preparation.^[88]

Railroads [edit]

American railroads moved 70% of all freight transported in the United States in 1940. During World War Two the passenger and freight book increased vastly. Railroads moved nearly 90% of the military'south need cargo and transported 98% of military machine personnel. Railroads worked overtime to keep up with demand. It was patriotic to avoid all unnecessary travel, to give space needed for troop movement. Railroad brought troop to California training centers and camps.^[89] Railroad brought workers to California's growing defense industry. During World War II track-line moved to Diesel locomotives and away from the labor-intensive steam locomotives. The Army had special infirmary cars built to movement wounded soldiers, one operated out of San Francisco.^{[90] [91]} Many cities nonetheless had local tram services like Los Angeles vast Pacific Electric arrangement.^{[92] [93] [94] [95] [96] [97] [98] [99]}

Research [edit]

The evolution of new systems was a key to winning the state of war. World War 2 brought most many new technologies. Some California colleges and universities joined in the V-12 Navy College Training Program training vollenteers for Navy commission.^[100] Some California universities besides had classes for aeronautical engineering, resident inspectors of ordinance and naval material, and a liaison for the National Defense Enquiry Committee.^{[101] [102]}

• Los Alamos National Laboratory - Height cloak-and-dagger Manhattan Project
• California Institute of Technology - aeronautical - wind tunnels - rocketry
• Academy of California, Berkeley - Manhattan Project
• Stanford University - Radar microwave research
• University of California-San Diego came upward with Frequency modulation Sonar to track multiple targets with a single ping and large Sonar crystals.^[103]
• University of California, Riverside - Five-12 Navy College
• University of California, Los Angeles - Five-12 Navy College - Scuba diving
• Occidental College - 5-12 Navy Higher
• Early Penicillin experiments were done at the Kaiser Richmond Shipyards.^[104]
• Skunk Works - Planes and jets
• Hewlett-Packard built oscillators for proximity fuze and microwave Signal generator used in radar and counter-radar measures.^[105]
• Hedy Lamarr Hollywood actor with George Antheil invented Frequency-hopping spread spectrum for the Navy.^[106]

Veterans [edit]

After the state of war Operation Magic Carpet started to bring the troops dwelling, some brought home state of war brides. On Oct xxx, 1944, Governor Earl Warren started the California Veteran's Commission. The Commission worked to assistance veterans re-entry into civilian life. The Commission working with United states of america Department of Veterans Affairs, California War machine Department, state agencies, local governments, and community groups similar: American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, and Disabled American Veterans. Many Veterans Health Administration facilities were opened in the land.^{[107] [108] [109]} Veteran'southward Bond Act of 1943 helped veterans to purchase a abode or subcontract.^[110] Veterans started families, that is called the infant boom, nascency rates increased in the US and California.^{[111] [112]}

Manufacturing [edit]

"I'm Proud of You Folks Likewise!", US Navy affiche, 1944, by Jon Whitcomb

.

Ship edifice [edit]

California became a major builder of ships for the war. Under the Emergency Shipbuilding program, cargo ships like Freedom ships and Victory ships were built in days, non the normal months. Ships that could be repaired overseas greatly reduced repair time, so California shipyards also congenital floating dry docks similar the Large Auxiliary Floating Dry Docks and Medium Auxiliary Floating Dry Docks. As fearfulness of an attack on California seemed likely, the War Department requested some ships exist built at an inland ports, so many new ships were built at the Port of Stockton, seventy nautical miles from the ocean. Henry J. Kaiser built twenty-four hour period care centers at his shipyards in Richmond. Kaiser Steel was headquartered in Fontana, California. Some of the ships were given to the Allies of World State of war Ii through the Lend-Lease act of March 11, 1941. At the stop of the war in that location was a surplus of ships and nigh shipyards were closed. Surplus ships were either sold or put into the Navy Reserve Armada, like the Suisun Bay Reserve Fleet. California ship yards:^{[113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118] [119] [120] [121] [122]}

• California Shipbuilding in Wilmington, Freedom ship and Victory ship
• Consolidated Steel Wilmington shipyard C1 Cargo, LMC
• Consolidated Steel Long Beach shipyard C1 Cargo frigate, assault transport
• Union Atomic number 26 Works - Potrero shipyard in San Francisco, destroyer
• Craig Shipbuilding Long Embankment
• Richmond Shipyards :
  • Kaiser Richmond No. 1 M; Oceans, Libertys, Victorys^[123]
  • Kaiser Richmond No. 2 Yard; Freedom, Victory ^[124]
  • Kaiser Richmond No. 3 Yard; Blazon C4-form ship^[125]
  • Kaiser Richmond No. 4 Yard; Landing Send, Tanks (LST)s, Tugs^[126]
• Todd California Shipbuilding in San Pedro, Tenders
  • Los Angeles Shipbuilding and Drydock Corporation - Todd Pacific, in San Pedro
• Marinship, in Sausalito, T2 tanker
• Bethlehem Shipbuilding San Pedro, Destroyer
• Bethlehem Shipbuilding Alameda Works Shipyard, Battleship, tug
• Hunters Point Naval Shipyard, Liberty ships
• Moore Dry Dock Visitor in Oakland, C2 Cargo
• Western Steel in San Francisco, Cargo
• Mare Isle Naval Shipyard in Oakland, Submarine, Destroyer
• Pollock-Stockton Shipbuilding Company in Stockton, Net layer, Dry out Dock
• Hodgson-Greene-Haldeman, Long Embankment, Type V send wood tugboats.
• Eureka Shipbuilding, Fields Landing tugboats^[127]
• Concrete Ship Constructors in National City Blazon B ship barges
• Barrett & Hilp, Physical Ships in South San Francisco - barges
• Colberg Boat Works in Stockton, Minesweeper, Tug, Sub chaser
• Stephens Bros. Gunkhole Builders in Stockton, Picket Boat, Tug, Rescue Boat
• Hickinbotham Brothers in Stockton (Guntert and Zimmerman ), Barge, Cargo, Tug
• Kyle and Visitor in Stockton, Coastal tanker
• Clyde W. Woods in Stockton, Tug, Cargo
• Nicholson, D. West. in Stockton, San Leandro and Oakland, Wood BC Deck barge
• Stockton Steel Fabrications Visitor in Stockton
• Anderson & Cristofani in San Francisco Patrol Arts and crafts (YP), APc ^[128]
• Barrett & Hilp in San Francisco, physical barge
• Basalt Rock Company in Napa, Rescue Ship, barge
• Campbell Industries in San Diego, four minesweepers^[129]
• Cryer & Sons in Oakland, Four Navy coastal cargo ships ^[130]
• Fellows & Stewart in Wilmington, Sub chaser and rescue boat ^[131]
• Fulton Shipyard in Antioch, Minesweeper, Tug, and Troopship^[132]
• Chicago Bridge Eureka, Eureka, AFDM
• National Steel and Shipbuilding Company NASSCO in San Diego, The states Army KD Barges
• Full general Engineering science in Alameda, Minesweeper and Internet laying ship^[133]
• Harbor Boatbuilding at Terminal Island, Minesweeper, Torpedo Boat, Sub Chaser, & rescue boat ^[134]
• Kneass Boat Works in San Francisco Five Sub Chaser and a Tug^[135]
• Al Larson Boat Shop in San Pedro, Minesweeper and Sub Chaser^[136]
• Lynch Shipbuilding in San Diego, Rescue Tug and Littoral cargo^[137]
• Pacific Bridge Company in San Francisco, Repair Docks, Cargo
• Peyton Visitor in Newport Beach, Sub Chaser and Harbor Tug^[138]
• Ackerman Boat in Newport Beach, Sub Chaser and Harbor Tug^[139]
• San Diego Marine, San Diego, Minesweeper and Sub Chaser ^[140]
• South Coast Shipbuilding in Newport Beach, Minesweeper, Sub Chaser and Crash gunkhole^[141]
• W. F. Stone & Son, in Oakland, Minesweeper, Tug and Sub Attorney ^[142]
• Victory Shipbuilding in Newport Beach, Harbor Tug and Sub Attorney^[143]
• Wilmington Gunkhole Works in Wilmington, Sub Chaser, Harbor Tug, Rescue gunkhole^[144]
• Pacific Coast Engineering in Oakland and Alameda ^[145]
• Western Pipe and Steel Company San Francisco and San Pedro, Ships
• Moore Equipment Company in Stockton YSD
• Aetna Iron & Steel in San Diego YSR Clomp ^[146]
• American Pipage in Los Angeles, Barges^{[147] [148]}
• California Steel Products in Richmond, Gasoline Barge^[149]
• Garbutt-Walsh Inc. in San Pedro, covered Barge
• Hunt Marine Service in Richmond, patrol boat, tug
• Independent Iron Works in Oakland, Barge
• Madden, Lewis in Sausalito, Tug
• Sacramento Shipbuilders in Sacramento, Barge
• Sausalito Shipbuilding in Sausalito, Steel Barges
• Soule Steel in San Francisco, Barge
• Standard Steel in Los Angeles, Steel Barge BK
• Stanwood Shipyard in Stanwood, BCL Wood Barge
• United Concrete Pipe Corporation in Long Beach ships
• Wilson Visitor in Wilmington, Us Ground forces Tug
• Krem, Kau & Son, Pittsburg, Army J Rider Boat
• Ashbridge Boatworks Los Angeles Ground forces J Passenger Gunkhole
• Long Beach Gunkhole, Long Beach Ground forces J Gunkhole
• San Pedro Boatworks, San Pedro, Army J Patrol Boat
• Martinolich Shipbuilding Company, San Francisco, Cocky-Propelled Barge
• Steinbrenner, Otto, Sacramento, Wood BC Deck Barge
• Pacific Boat, Terminal Island, Wood BC Deck Barge
• Judson Pacific, San Francisco, Steel BG Gasoline Barge
• Patten-Blinn Lumber, Los Angeles, Knockdown Wood BK Barge
• Olson Lumber, Alhambra, Knockdown Woods BK Clomp
• National Atomic number 26 Works, San Diego, Knockdown Steel BK Barge
• J. Due east. Haddock Company, San Pedro, AFDL42 Float dock
• Poole & McGonigle, Oakland, YFD-19

Shipping manufacturers [edit]

Congenital in California during Earth State of war two were: B-17 Flight Fortress, Lockheed P-38 Lightning, Douglas C-47 Skytrain, Douglas SBD Brave, Douglas A-26 Invader, Lockheed Ventura, Lockheed Model eighteen Lodestar, Lockheed P-2 Neptune, Lockheed Constellation, Douglas P-70 Nighthawk, Douglas DC-5, Douglas C-54 Skymaster, Douglas BTD Destroyer, Douglas A-33, Douglas TBD Devastator, Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer, Northrop A-17, Northrop BT, Northrop N-3PB, Northrop P-61 Black Widow, McDonnell FH Phantom, Consolidated B-24 Liberator, Consolidated PB2Y Coronado, Consolidated TBY Body of water Wolf, Consolidated B-32 Dominator, Consolidated P-30, Due north American B-25 Mitchell, North American P-51 Mustang, Vultee A-31 Vengeance, Vultee BT-13 Valiant, Vultee P-66 Vanguard, Vultee V-11, Interstate Cadet, North American T-half dozen Texan, Douglas A-20 Havoc, Lockheed C-69 Constellation, Consolidated PBY Catalina, Interstate TDR, Timm N2T Tutor, Ryan PT-22 Recruit, Ryan ST and the Waco CG-iv / Timm CG-4A . The Lockheed Hudson built in Burbank was deleived to Canada so the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland starting in 1939. Past the end of the war California had 70% of the aerospace manufacturing in the United states and had congenital over 200,000 planes. Hughes H-4 Hercules, Victory Trainer and Bartlett Zephyr were built in California, but not used. The California Institute of Applied science in Pasadena, California started a School of Aeronautics and other aeronautic research labs in the early 1920s, this helped California become a major aerospace manufacturing heart.^{[150] [151] [152] [153]}

Aircraft manufacturers of World War II in California:

• Douglas Aircraft Company in Santa Monica, El Segundo, Long Embankment, and Torrance
• Lockheed Corporation in Burbank
• Vega Shipping Corporation in Burbank
• Northrop Corporation in Hawthorne
• Hughes Aircraft Company in Playa Vista and Culver Metropolis
• McDonnell Aircraft Corporation in Long Beach
• Consolidated Aircraft in San Diego
• Ryan Aeronautical in San Diego
• North American Aviation in Inglewood
• Glenn L. Martin Visitor in Santa Ana, HQ and design but
• Harlow Shipping Company in Alhambra
• Convair in San Diego
• Vultee Shipping in Burbank and Downey
• Interstate Shipping in El Segundo
• O.Westward. Timm Aircraft Company in Van Nuys
• Bartlett Shipping in Rosemead
• Hiller Aircraft in Berkeley
• Morrow Shipping Corporation in San Bernardino
• Skunk Works design HQ in Burbank

Vehicles manufacturers [edit]

During World War II all California civilian motorcar manufacturing ended.^[154]

• General Motors Due south Gate Assembly built Stuart M-5 and M5A1 Light Tanks at 500 per month.^{[155] [156] [157] [158]}
• Full general Motors Oakland Assembly built Pratt & Whitney aircraft engines and munitions.
• Ford Motor Company Assembly Institute in Richmond built 49,399 jeeps. The Ford plant as well did completion work on tanks, armored personnel carriers, armored cars and other military machine vehicles. Ford's Long Beach plant was leased to the Air Forcefulness and used every bit an Air Base.^[159]
• Willys-Overland Maywood, California plant was used past Lockheed to build subassemblies for Lockheed Hudson.^[160]
• Chrysler of California, Los Angeles, built 12,214 shipping engines, 4,100 B-17 cabins and 688 PV-2 Harpoon cabins.^{[161] [162]}
• Studebaker Pacific Corporation of Los Angeles built engines for the B-17s and PV-ii Harpoons being built in Burbank.^[163]
• Menasco Motors Company in Burbank, built aircraft landing gear for Due north American, Lockheed, Republic, General Dynamics, and other aircraft manufacturers. Menasco connected this work after the war.^[164]
• Firestone Tire and Rubber Company of Los Angeles built 1,550 turrets used on M5 tanks. Firestone as well built iii,100 M5 tank tracks.^[165]

Military installations [edit]

Like other states in the desert Southwest, many of the new military installations built were United States Ground forces airbases. California'southward conditions, wide open spaces, railroad connections, and access to sea made it an ideal location for training pilots, likewise armored vehicles operators.^{[166] [167] [168]}

Desert Grooming Center [edit]

The largest Us Army training installation in the history of the United States was the Desert Training Centre. To prepare troops for the battles in the North African campaign, the army had General Patton build many desert grooming camps in Southern California and a few in Arizona. The camps were congenital in the Mojave Desert and Sonoran Desert. The open infinite let the Army and Regular army Air Corps use alive burn down to train troops, test and develop equipment. Tactical doctrines, techniques, and training methods for combat were developed from this training. From i April 1942 to 1 July 1944, the complete training area covered eighteen,000 square miles. The campsite reached from Pomona, California east to almost to Phoenix, Arizona and from Yuma, Arizona northward into the southern tip of Nevada.^[169]

California Army Divisional Camps

• Camp Clipper and Army camp Essex
• Military camp Coxcomb
• Camp Granite^[170]
• Military camp Ibis
• Camp Iron Mountain
• Camp Pilot Knob
• Camp Young - Desert Training Center Headquarters

California Army Depots

• Camp Freda Quartermaster Depot
• Military camp Desert Heart
• Camp Goffs – Depot and Infantry training.
• Pomona Ordnance Depot

California Ground forces Airfields

Camp Goffs Regular army Field Train station, 1943

Camp Goffs Army Field, 1943

• Major airfields
  • Blythe Regular army Air Base
  • Desert Center Regular army Airfield
  • Thermal Ground forces Airfield
  • Rice Army Airfield
  • Shavers Summit Regular army Airfield (at present Chiriaco Pinnacle Airport)
• Pocket-sized airfields
  • Army camp Coxcomb Army Field (abandoned)
  • Camp Essex Army Field (abandoned)
  • Camp Goffs Army Field (abandoned)
  • Camp Ibis Army Field (abased)
  • Campsite Iron Mount Army Field

Desert Training Center California Hospitals

• Banning General Hospital (Banning, CA)
• Army camp Freda Hospital
• Army camp Desert Centre Hospital
• Campsite Goffs Hospital
• Torney General Hospital
• Needles Station Hospital
• Cherry Valley Infirmary

US Army Bases [edit]

For World War 2 existing California Army bases were enlarged and many new bases were built. Bases were used for induction, training, deployment, supply depots, hospitals and housing of POWs.

• Fort Irwin
• Fort Ord
• Campsite Funston
• Fort Hunter Liggett
• Parks Reserve Forces Preparation Area
• Presidio of Monterey
• Military Body of water Terminal Concord
• Campsite Anza
• Camp Callan
• Military camp Kearny
• Salinas Garrison
• Camp Lockett
• Fort Emory
• Oakland Army Base of operations
• Fort Funston
• Fort MacArthur
• Army camp Ashby
• Fort Bricklayer
• Fort McDowell
• Fort Miley Military Reservation
• Army camp McQuaide
• Camp Stoneman
• Fort Betoken
• Letterman Army Infirmary
• Hoff Full general Hospital
• Fort Baker
• Fort Bragg
• Camp Tanforan
• Oakland Army Base
• Presidio of San Francisco
• Sacramento Ground forces Depot
• San Carlos War Dog Training Heart
• Camp Seeley El Centro
• Camp Pinedale
• Fresno Army Air Forces Training Center
• Santa Anita Ordnance Training Center
• Camp Roberts Army Base Monterey
• Campsite San Luis Obispo, (Camp Merriam)
• San Joaquin Depot^[171]
  • Sharpe Facility^[172]
  • Tracy Facility^{[173] [174]}
  • Lathrop Holding and Reconsignment
  • Lathrop Applied science Depot
• Stockton Ordnance Depot
• Sierra Ground forces Depot in Herlong
• Birmingham General Hospital
• Mitchell Convalescent Infirmary
• Camp Ross
• Benicia Armory
• Camp Ono for POWs
• Fort Barry
• Fort Cronkhite
• Fort Ord Station Veterinarian Infirmary
• DeWitt General Infirmary
• Military camp Kohler
• Campsite Shoemaker
• Campsite Flintstone
• Camp Tulelake
• Campsite Tracy
• Radar Station B-71
• Bombardment Chamberlin
• Campsite Lamont for POWs
• Milagra Ridge Military Reservation
• Camp Ayres - Chino Supply Depot - Camp Chino
• Pillar Point Military machine Reservation
• Santa Monica Army Air Forces Redistribution Center
• Hammond Full general Hospital
• Madigan Army Medical Heart

Air bases and airfield [edit]

Existing United States Ground forces Air Corps air bases were enlarged to firm and train the many new crews needed. Almost all civilian airports and airstrips were converted to Army Air training centers. Nigh all civilian air flights were cancelled. Many new airstrips and landing pads were built for pilot landing and take off training. Air bases had housing and meals for the troops. Some airstrips and landing pads had no support buildings, equally they were used only for landing and take off training. Usa Army Air Corps World War II bases, airstrips and landing pads in California:^{[175] [176]}

• Beale Air Force Base (Camp Beale), Marysville
• Muroc Army Airfield now Edwards Air Strength Base
  • March Field, Riverside
• McClellan Air Force Base, Sacramento
• Fairfield-Suisun Air Strength Base now Travis Air Force Base
• Army camp Cooke now Vandenberg Air Strength Base, Lompoc
• Los Alamitos Joint Forces Preparation Base
• Lemoore Ground forces Air Field
• Long Embankment Army Air Field
• Lomita Flight Strip
• Ontario Army Air Field
• San Bernardino Ground forces Air Field
• Van Nuys Regular army Air Field
• Chino Airdrome
• Oxnard Air Force Base
• Clover Field
• Merced Army Air Field
• Camp Merced
• K Central Air Terminal
• Lockheed Air Terminal
• Mines Field
• Victorville Army Air Field
• Hamilton Army Airfield
• Bakersfield Ground forces Air Field
• Mather Air Force Base
• Norton Air Force Base
• Naval Auxiliary Air Station Salton Body of water
• McClellan Field
• McChesney Field
• Hammer Field
• Santa Monica Ground forces Air Base
• Gardner Army Airfield
• Bicycle Lake Regular army Airfield
• Minter Field
• Santa Maria Army Air Field
• Lookout Mount Air Forcefulness Station
• Chico Field
• Wendover Air Forcefulness Base of operations`
• Santa Ana Ground forces Air Base
• Palm Springs Air Base of operations
• Fresno Air Base
• Chiriaco Superlative Airport
• Bishop Army Airfield
• Blythe Army Airfield
• Palmdale Army Airfield
• Gary Army Airfield
• Oakland Municipal Airport
• Chico Army Air Field
• Reno Army Air Base of operations
• Barstow-Daggett Airport
• Mira Colina Quartermaster Depot
• Montague Air Force Auxiliary Field
• Napa Ground forces Airfield
• Willows Municipal Airport
• Redding Army Airfield
• Siskiyou County Army Airfield
• Salinas Army Air Base
• Delano Army Airfield
• Capitola Airport
• Meadows Field
• Visalia Army Airfield
• Hayward Army Airfield
• Orland Auxiliary Field
• Kirkwood Auxiliary Field
• Vina Auxiliary Field
• Campbell Auxiliary Field
• Oroville Auxiliary Field
• Sacramento Municipal Airdrome
• Oroville Army Airfield
• Siskiyou County Army Airfield
• Redding Regular army Airfield
• Boston Field
• Huron Field
• Indian Field
• Murray Field
• West Field
• Helm Field
• Corcoran Municipal Airport
• Porterville Ground forces Airfield
• Coalinga Municipal Airport (Onetime)
• Buffalo Springs Airport
• Needles Army Airfield
• Shavers Summit Army Airfield
• Rice Army Airfield
• Half Moon Bay Flight Strip
• Estrella Army Airfield
• Santa Rosa Ground forces Airfield
• Thermal Regular army Airfield
• Corcoran Airport
• Douthitt Strip
• Dos Palos Airport
• Trauger Auxiliary Field
• Hunter Auxiliary Field
• Caliente Flight Strip
• Franklin Auxiliary Airfield
• Hawthorne Municipal Airport
• Hayward Executive Airdrome
• Hemet-Ryan Airport
• Independence Airport
• Inyo Canton Airport
• Lancaster Aerodrome
• Adamson Landing Field
• Mefford Field Aerodrome
• Palo Alto Airport
• Gibbs Auxiliary Field
• New Jerusalem Auxiliary Airfield
• Porterville Regular army Airfield
• Rankin Field
• Redding Army Air Field
• Lindbergh Field
• San Francisco Airport
• Sequoia Field
• Stockton Army Airfield
• Sherman Ground forces Airfield
• Kingsbury Auxiliary Airfield
• Tracy Auxiliary Airfield
• Modesto Auxiliary Airfield
• 20 Nine Palms Army Airfield
• Visalia Army Air Field
• State of war Hawkeye Field
• Willows-Glenn Airport
• Winters-Davis Flight Strip
• Marysville Ground forces Airfield
• Parker Auxiliary Airfield
• Kern Field Auxiliary Airfield
• Allen Auxiliary Airfield
• Conners Auxiliary Airfield
• Taft Auxiliary Airfield
• Cuyama Auxiliary Airfield
• Wasco Auxiliary Airfield
• Pond Auxiliary Field
• Famoso Auxiliary Airfield
• Dunlap Auxiliary Airfield
• Semi-tropic Auxiliary Airfield
• Poso Auxiliary Airfield
• Lost Hills Auxiliary Airfield,
• Hawes Auxiliary Airfield
• Helendale Auxiliary Airfield
• Howard Auxiliary Field
• Athlone Auxiliary Field
• Potter Auxiliary Field
• Freedom Auxiliary Field
• Victory Field Auxiliary Field
• Yard Central Air Terminal
• Montgomery Field
• Condor Field
• Fort Ord Ground forces Airfield
• Fritzsche AAF
• Panamint Spring Auxiliary Airfield
• Peik Auxiliary Field

US Naval Bases [edit]

Us Navy's principal marine bases were located in the deepwater ports of: San Diego Bay, Port of Los Angeles, San Francisco Bay and the Stockton Deepwater Shipping Aqueduct. The US Navy during WW2 Pacific Armada operated: ports, supply depots and airfields for shipping carrier preparation, also blimps used for patrol of the declension.^[177]
The states Navy Earth War II bases and stations in California:^[178]

• Mare Isle Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, California, with Mare Island Naval Hospital
• Naval Base San Diego, San Diego
• Hunters Signal Naval Shipyard
• Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake, Red china Lake Armitage Field
• Naval Base Ventura County, Bespeak Mugu
• San Francisco Bay Naval Shipyard
• Hunters Point Naval Shipyard
• Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey
• Naval Air Station Alameda
• Naval Weapons Station Seal Beach, Seal Beach
• Naval Air Station Point Mugu, Point Mugu
• Naval Construction Battalion Center Port Hueneme
• Parks Reserve Forces Training Area
• Naval Hospital Santa Margarita Ranch
• Naval Reserve Center Santa Barbara
• Naval Medical Centre San Diego
• Naval Medical Research Unit One
• Naval Air Station Northward Isle, San Diego
• Fort Rosecrans, at present Naval Base Point Hill
• Naval Air Base of operations San Pedro
• Inyokern Auxiliary Field
• Naval Base Coronado
• Naval Construction Battalion Center Port Hueneme
• Naval Auxiliary Landing Field San Clemente Island
• Naval Auxiliary Air Station Monterey
• Long Beach Naval Shipyard
• Crescent City Outlying Field
• Army and Navy University
• Terminal Isle San Pedro
• Point Arguello Radio Station
• Naval Auxiliary Air Station Twentynine Palms
• Naval Outlying Landing Field Purple Embankment
• Naval and Marine Corps Reserve Middle in Los Angeles
• Naval Air Station, Santa Ana
• Moffett Federal Airfield - Naval Air Station
• Naval Training Middle San Diego
• Rockwell Field
• Campsite Hydle
• Half Moon Bay Flight Strip
• Naval Station Treasure Island
• Naval Auxiliary Air Station Ream Field
• Morris Reservoir Naval Weapons Test Site
• Naval Outlying Landing Field San Nicolas Isle
• Crude and Ready Island Naval Supply Depot in Stockton^[179]
• Naval Amphibious Base Coronado
• McCormack Full general Hospital
• Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific
• Watsonville Airport
• Silver Strand Grooming Complex
• Camp Morena
• Naval Outlying Field, Ocotillo Dry out Lake
• Naval Postgraduate School
• Naval Auxiliary Air Station Vernalis
• Naval Auxiliary Air Station, San Luis Obispo
• Chocolate Mountain Aeriform Gunnery Range
• Carrizo Impact Area
• Navy Broadway Complex
• Naval Air Auxiliary Station Watsonville
• Naval Auxiliary Landing Field Santa Rosa
• Naval Advance Base Personnel Depot, San Bruno
• Auxiliary Air Station Monterey
• Naval Landing Strength Equipment Depot in Albany, California
• Arcata, Naval Auxiliary Air Station
• Campsite Kearny
• NASA Crows Landing Drome
• Naval Hospital Corona
• NAAS Brown Field
• Male monarch City Naval Auxiliary Air Station
• Amphibious Training Base of operations, Castroville
• U.South. Naval Air Facility Del Mar
• Del Monte Navy Pre-Flight School
• Dixon Naval Radio Transmitter Facility
• Naval Auxiliary Air Facility Lompoc
• Naval Auxiliary Air Station Hollister
• Holtville Naval Auxiliary Air Station
• Sand Hill Naval Auxiliary Landing Field
• Naval Air Station Livermore
• Naval Station Newport
• Moffett Field balloon hangars
• Naval Air Transport Service
• Concord Naval Weapons Station
• Betoken Molate Naval Fuel Depot
• Naval Auxiliary Air Station Miramar
• V-12 Navy College in Loma Linda, Redlands, UC and Occidental College
• Long Beach Regular army Airfield
• Skaggs Island Naval Communication Station
• Naval Auxiliary Air Station Salton Sea
• Fleet and Industrial Supply Center, Oakland
• Naval Infirmary Oakland
• United states Navy Net Depot Tiburon
• Naval Auxiliary Air Facility Mills Field
• Naval Convalescent Hospital, Santa Cruz
• Amphibious Preparation Base Morro Bay
• Navy Building 101 in San Francisco
• Yosemite Naval Ambulatory Hospital at the Ahwahnee Hotel^[180]
• San Leandro Naval Hospital
• Treasure Island Naval Auxiliary Air Facility
• Field Clark'south Dry Lake
• Borrego Hotel Naval Outlying Landing Field
• Borrego Hotel Target Expanse
• Benson Bombing Range
• North Coyote Wells Naval Outlying Landing Field
• S Coyote Wells Naval Outlying Landing Field
• Jacumba Airport
• Rosedale Naval Outlying Landing Field
• Edge Naval Outlying Landing Field
• Ramona Landing Field
• Eureka Auxiliary Field
• Arcata Naval Auxiliary Air Station
• Naval Industrial Reserve Repair Facility, Oakland
• Naval Reserve Armory, Oakland
• Naval Infirmary Long Beach
• Alameda Naval Hospital
• Naval Convalescent Infirmary Beaumont
• Naval Convalescent Hospital Arrowhead Springs
• Abel Field Outlying Field
• Brown-Fabian Aerodrome Outlying Field
• Cope Field Outlying Field
• Gelderman Airport Outlying Field
• Heath NOLF
• Linderman Airport Outlying Field
• Livermore Aerodrome Outlying Field
• May'due south School Field Outlying Field
• Rita Butterworth Airdrome Outlying Field
• Spring Valley Airport Outlying Field
• Wagoner Airport Outlying Field
• Army camp Parks
• Camp Shoemaker
• U.S. Naval Infirmary Shoemaker
• Naval Outlying Landing Field Cotati
• Naval Outlying Landing Field Anaheim
• Naval Outlying Field Palisades
• Mile Square Subcontract Naval Outlying Field
• Haster Farm Naval Outlying Landing Field
• Horse Farm Naval Outlying Landing Field
• Seal Beach Naval Outlying Landing Field
• Otay-Mesa Naval Auxiliary Air Station
• Sweetwater Dam Naval Outlying Landing Field
• San Clemente Naval Auxiliary Air Station

US Marine Corps [edit]

Camp Pendleton became the main training grounds for grooming Marines including landing craft school, amphibious tractor schoolhouse, embankment battalion school, amphibious communications school, and a medical field service school. Skills that would be used across the island hopping in the Pacific War and the war in Europe.^{[181] [182] [183]}

• Camp Pendleton San Diego
• Marine Corps Air Station Miramar San Diego
• Marine Corps Logistics Base of operations Barstow Barstow, Yermo Quartermaster Sub-Depot
• Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego San Diego
• Marine Corps Air Station Camp Pendleton
• El Toro Marine Corps Air Station
• Tustin Marine Corps Air Station
• Marine Corps Air Station Santa Barbara
• Chocolate Mountain Aerial Gunnery Range
• Camp Elliott
• Camp Matthews
• Gillespie Field
• Army camp Las Pulgas Campfire Area
• Camp Ensign
• Ensign Ranch Airfield
• Camp Dunlap

US Coast Guard [edit]

In times of war, like during World State of war 2, the United states of america Coast Guard operated as a branch of the Section of the Navy. In California the Coast Guard operated out of the twelfth Naval District. Coast Baby-sit'southward World War 2 Navy support included apply of Declension Guard cutters, patrol boats, bases, stations and lighthouses. Patrols and search and rescue missions being the chief task.^{[184] [185] [186]}

The states Coast Guard World War II bases in California:

• Coast Guard Island Alameda
• Training Center Petaluma
• Coast Guard Air Station San Diego
• Marine Corps Logistics Base Barstow
• Coast Guard Air Station San Francisco
• Marine Corps Air Station Miramar in San Diego
• Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego
• Chocolate Mountain Aerial Gunnery Range
• Coast Guard Station Golden Gate
• Hamilton Cove Seaplane Base

United States Merchant Marine [edit]

The United States Merchant Marine operated merchant ships out of California U.s.a. Navy and private ports to supply goods needed around the earth. Almost merchant transport operated with civilian merchants and United states of america Navy armed guards to man the deck guns under the Merchant Marine Human action of 1936. Merchant Marine operated many different types of ships, the well-nigh numerous blazon was the Liberty ships and Victory ships. Merchant Marine training was conducted past the Coast Guard.^{[187] [188] [189] [190]} The Maritime Service established several Merchant Marine training centers in California for Globe State of war 2:

• Port Hueneme, California (1941–1942)
• Avalon, California (1942–1945)
• Government Island, California (1938–1943) (officers preparation besides)

Gallery [edit]

• 

  Norman Rockwell's Permit's Give Him Enough and On Time

• 

• 

  "How to Shop With Ration Volume Two", 1943 affiche

• 

• 

  Army testing a California Ford GP (jeep) in 1941.

• 

  George Schreiber poster for the Tertiary War Loan Drive (September 9 – October i, 1943)

• 

  U.s. Crop Corp affiche

• 

  US Crop Corp poster

• 

  Us Army Hospital Train in 1944

• 

  What Can I Do? The Citizen'south Handbook for War, U.S. Office of Noncombatant Defence 1942

• 

  US Army Hospital Car in 1944

See also [edit]

• American Theater (1939–1945)
• Arizona during Globe War Two
• Desert Training Centre
• Armed services history of the The states during World War II
• New Mexico during World War II
• Usa home front during Earth War II
• Arnold Scheme

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164. ^ Parker, Dana T. Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in Earth War II, pp. 121-124, Cypress, CA, 2013.
165. ^ Firestone Tire and Rubber Company
166. ^ militarybases.us Armed forces installations California
167. ^ militarymuseum.org, Los Angeles Metropolitan Area during Globe State of war Two
168. ^ militarymuseum.org, Regular army Bases map
169. ^ militarymuseum.org Desert Training Center
170. ^ U.Due south. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Camp Granite (historical)
171. ^ DIANE Publishing Company (one Oct 1995). Defense Base Closure And Realignment Committee: Report To The President 1995. DIANE Publishing. p. 123. ISBN978-0-7881-2461-vii.
172. ^ "DDJC – Sharpe" (PDF). Superfund. Environmental Protection Agency. October 2003. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 June 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
173. ^ Carol A. Jensen (2006). Byron Hot Springs. Arcadia Publishing. p. 104. ISBN978-0-7385-4700-8.
174. ^ "Celebrated Posts, Camps, Stations, and Airfields, Tracy Facility, Defense Distribution Depot San Joaquin". californiamilitaryhistory.org. The California State Military machine Museum. Archived from the original on 13 March 2018. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
175. ^ militarymuseum.org California World War II Ground forces Airfields
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179. ^ Dawn Bohulano Mabalon (29 May 2013). Little Manila Is in the Centre: The Making of the Filipina/o American Community in Stockton, California. Duke Academy Press. p. 233. ISBN978-0-8223-9574-4.
180. ^ WW2 Ahwahnee Hotel
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Farther reading [edit]

• Allen, Robert Fifty. The Port Chicago Wildcat: The Story of the Largest Mass Mutiny Trial in U.S. Naval History (2006) extract
• Alvarez, Luis. "On Race, Riots, and Infrapolitics in Wartime Los Angeles." Revue francaise detudes americaines 1 (2012): nineteen-31 online
• Collins, Keith E. Black Los Angeles: The Maturing of the Ghetto, 1940-1950 (1980).
• Escobedo, Elizabeth Rachel. From coveralls to zoot suits: The lives of Mexican American women on the World State of war Ii domicile front (UNC Printing Books, 2013).
• Foster, Mark S. "Giant of the West: Henry J. Kaiser and regional industrialization, 1930–1950." Business History Review 59.ane (1985): 1-23.
• Friedrich, Otto. City of Nets: A Portrait of Hollywood in the 1940s (Harper & Row, 1986).
• Johnson, Marilynn Southward. The second gold blitz: Oakland and the East Bay in World War Ii (Univ of California Press, 1994).
• Koppes, Clayton R. and Gregory D. Black. Hollywood Goes to War: How Politics, Profits & Propaganda Shaped Earth State of war II Movies (The Free Press, 1987).

• Lange, Dorothea. Photographing the second gold rush: Dorothea Lange and the Due east Bay at War, 1941-1945 (Heyday Books, 1995), a chief source.
• Leonard, Kevin Allen. The Battle for Los Angeles: Racial Ideology and World War Ii (2006).
• Lichtenstein, Alex, and Eric Arnesen. "Labor and the Problem of Social Unity during World War Ii: Katherine Archibald's Wartime Shipyard in Retrospect." Labor: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas 3.ane (2006): 113-146.
• Lotchin, Roger. "The Triumphant Partnership: California Cities and the Winning of Globe War II" Southern California Quarterly 88.1 (2006): 71-95. [ online]
  • Lotchin, Roger West. The Bad Metropolis in the Expert War: San Francisco, Los Angeles, Oakland, and San Diego (Indiana University Press, 2003)
  • Lotchin, Roger West. Fortress California, 1910–1961: From Warfare to Welfare (U of Illinois Press, 2002). pp 131–170.
  • Lotchin, Roger West. The Fashion We Really Were: The Golden State in the 2d Bully State of war (U of Illinois Press, 2000)
  • Lotchin, Roger Due west. "California Cities and the Hurricane of Change: Earth War II in the San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Diego Metropolitan Areas." Pacific Historical Review 63.3 (1994): 393-420. online
  • Lotchin, Roger Westward. "World War II and urban California: city planning and the transformation hypothesis." Pacific Historical Review 62.2 (1993): 143-171. online
• Lothrop, Gloria Ricci. "Unwelcome in Freedom's Land: The Impact of Earth State of war Two on Italian Aliens in Southern California." Southern California Quarterly 81.four (1999): 507-544.

• McLeod, Dean L. Port Chicago (2007) excerpt
• Mitchell, Don. "Boxing/fields: Braceros, agribusiness, and the violent reproduction of the California agricultural landscape during Earth War Ii." Journal of historical geography 36.2 (2010): 143-156.
• Nash, Gerald D. The American West Transformed: The Touch on of the Second World War (1990)
• Parker, Dana T. Building Victory: Shipping Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Surface area in Globe State of war Two (2013).
• Sánchez, George J. Condign Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945 (Oxford Academy Printing, 1993).
• Starr, Kevin. Embattled Dreams: California in State of war and Peace, 1940-1950 (Oxford University Printing, 2002).

• Verge, Arthur C. "The Touch on of the Second World War on Los Angeles." The Pacific Historical Review 63#three (1994): 289-314. online
• Verge, Arthur C. "World War 2" in A Companion to California History ed. past William Deverell and David Igler. (2008) pp 312-321.online

Japanese internment [edit]

• Leonard, Kevin Allen. "'Is That What We Fought for?' Japanese Americans and Racism in California, The Bear upon of World War 2." Western Historical Quarterly 21.four (1990): 463-482. online

• Lotchin, Roger W. Japanese American Relocation in Globe War Two: A Reconsideration (Cambridge University Printing, 2018)

• Ng, Wendy 50. Japanese American Internment During World War Ii: A History and Reference Guide (Greenwood, 2002).

External links [edit]

Which Senator Used His Influence To Draw Defense Jobs To Georgia During World War Ii?,

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_during_World_War_II

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